Consonants ___an initial part (the Sheng Mu”)  

lips’ sounds: b, p, m, and f

Tongue-tip sounds d, t, n, and l

Tongue-root sounds:  g, k, and h

Tongue-surface sounds: j, q and x

Tongue-tip rolled sounds: zh, ch, sh, and r

Tongue-flatted sounds: z, c and s

Semi Consonants: y and w